In March, 1960 The first communication satellite, Echo, was launched. Gordon Moore declares that computing power will double every 18 months, a prophecy that holds true today and is known as Moore's Law. Moore and Robert Noyce would later leave Fairchild semiconductor to start Intel in the summer of 1968. In 1966 scientists used fiber optics to carry telephone signals for the first time. Wesley Clark comes up with the idea of using dedicated hardware to perform network functions while at a meeting of ARPA principal investigators. The devices would eventually be called Interface Message Processors(IMP's). 'The IMP Guys' from BNN finish installing the first ARPANET IMP node (IMP1) at UCLA, it is attached to the school's SDS Sigma-7 without a hitch. The ARPANET's second node is set up at the Stanford Research Institute (SRI), connecting to their SDS 940. After a bit of tweaking the first connection was made from UCLA to the SRI machine over the 50Kbps circuit. IMP number three is installed at the University of California at Santa Barbara. The fourth node is installed at the University of Utah.
The fifth ARPANET node is installed at BBN's headquarters. ARPANET hosts start using Network Control Protocol (NCP) created by the Network Working Group (NWG) headed by Steve Crocker. In March, 1972 BBN's Ray Tomlinson creates the first software allowing email to be sent between computers, email quickly becomes the network's most popular application. UUCP (Unix-to-Unix CoPy) developed at AT&T Bell Labs. It is distributed with UNIX one year later. Leonard Kleinrock publishes the first book about ARPANET technologies: 'Queueing Systems Volume II - Computer Applications' which helped packet switching gain wide-spread acceptance. USENET is created by Tom Truscott, Steve Bellovin, and Jim Ellis using UUCP between Duke and UNC. April 12th Kevin MacKenzie sends the first ever emoticon in a message to the MsgGroup. The first is -) meaning tongue-in-cheek.
BITNET is created by Ira Fuchs and Greydon Freeman. The "Because It's Time NETwork" Started as a cooperative network at the City University of New York, with the first outside connection being to Yale. Sendmail is written by Eric Allman while at UC Berkeley. Internet Activities Board (IAB) established, replacing the Internet Configuration Control Board (ICCB). Dave Clark continues to act as the chairman and a number of task forces were created to handle specific technological issues including the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). The number of hosts breaks millions each year. Apple Computer introduces HyperCard, the first widely available personal hypermedia authoring system. December 9th the Christmas Virus finds its way onto BITNET, causing many mail servers to crash because of the overload. Eventually much of the network is shutdown for a time to stop its spread. In March, 1989 First Web Project proposal is distributed by CERN's Tim Berners-Lee. His proposal was for a 'hypertextsystem' to aid the sharing of information between teams of researchers in the High Energy Physics community.
The Internet Toaster, developed by Simon Hackett and John Romkey makes appearances at Interop. NSF lifts restrictions on the commercial use of the NSFNET backbone. Line mode browser (www) is release on alt.hypertext. Later that month it is released on comp.sys.next, comp.text.sgml, and comp.mail.multi-media. In October, the mailing listswww-interest(now www-announce) and [email protected] are started. In 1992 The number of Internet hosts breaks 1 million. The term 'Surfing the Net' is coined by Jean Armour Polly. The Internet Activities Board (IAB) meets and decides to build a new version of IP out of CLNP. NSF awards Network Solutions the InterNIC contract worth $5.9 million a year until March 31, 1998 when the contract expires. They begin registering domains at the rate of almost 400 per month. September 14th NSF and NSI announce that domain registration will no longer be free of charge effective immediately. According to the plan new registrants will pay a $100 fee for a two-year registration; and thereafter will pay $50 per year. Organizations registered prior to September 14, 1995 will be charged the $50 annual fee on the anniversary of their initial registration. EDU domains are still paid for by the NSF. June 1999, ISOC approves the formation of the Internet Societal Task Force (ISTF), Vint Cerf serves as first chair. The organization was originally proposed by Sascha Ignjatovic to address societal issues and concerns relating to the Internet.
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